{"id":1648,"date":"2020-02-16T21:28:36","date_gmt":"2020-02-16T13:28:36","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ykyi.net\/?p=1648"},"modified":"2020-02-16T21:28:36","modified_gmt":"2020-02-16T13:28:36","slug":"1648","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ykyi.net\/?p=1648","title":{"rendered":"Tokio\u7b80\u4ecb"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u4ec0\u4e48\u662fTokio<\/h1>\n

Tokio\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6(\u5b98\u7f51\u7528\u8bcdruntime)\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u7f16\u5199rust\u5f02\u6b65\u4ee3\u7801\u3002\u6240\u8c13\u5f02\u6b65\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u5373\u548c\u540c\u6b65\u4ee3\u7801\u5bf9\u5e94\u800c\u8a00\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u540c\u6b65\u8bfb\u78c1\u76d8\u4e0a\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff1a\u5e94\u7528\u4ee3\u7801\u8c03\u7528\u8bfb\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u51fd\u6570\u5c01\u88c5\u4e86\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\uff0c\u901a\u77e5\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bfb\u5165\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u628a\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\u5168\u90e8\u8bfb\u51fa\u540e\u624d\u56de\u5230\u5e94\u7528\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u7ee7\u7eed\u6267\u884c\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u3002\u5728\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bfb\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u65e0\u6240\u4e8b\u4e8b\uff0c\u9ed8\u9ed8\u5730\u7b49\u5f85\u3002\u800c\u5f02\u6b65\u8bfb\u5165\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u5f02\u6b65\u8c03\u7528\u901a\u77e5\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bfb\u6587\u4ef6\u540e\u7acb\u5373\u8fd4\u56de\uff0c\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6709\u673a\u4f1a\u5728\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bfb\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\u5e72\u5176\u4ed6\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u5f53\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bfb\u5b8c\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\u540e\u4f1a\u4ee5\u67d0\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u901a\u77e5\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8bfb\u6587\u4ef6\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b8c\u6210<\/p>\n

Tokio\u4e3a\u5f02\u6b65\u7f16\u7a0b\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e1c\u897f\uff1a
\n1. \u4e00\u4e9b\u57fa\u672c\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u540c\u6b65\u539f\u8bed(synchronization primitives)\uff0c\u7ba1\u9053(channels)\uff0c\u8ba1\u65f6\u5668\uff0c\u5ef6\u65f6\uff0cintervals(\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u8fd9\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e00\u4e2a\u65f6\u95f4\u95f4\u9694\u4e48\uff1f)\u3002
\n2. API\u3002\u7f51\u7edc\u76f8\u5173\u7684tcp,udp\u5f02\u6b65\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5f02\u6b65\u6587\u4ef6\u64cd\u4f5c\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5f02\u6b65\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u548c\u4fe1\u53f7\u7ba1\u7406\u3002
\n3. \u8c03\u5ea6\u5668\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u8c03\u5ea6tasks(\u7c7b\u4f3c\u5176\u4ed6\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u5f02\u6b65\u6846\u67b6\u7684\u7eff\u8272\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6216\u534f\u7a0b\u7684\u6982\u5ff5)\u3002
\n4. I\/O\u9a71\u52a8(\u5b98\u7f51\u7528\u8bedIO driver)\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u539f\u751f\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u961f\u5217\u63a5\u53e3\u3002\u6bd4\u5982:linux\u4e0b\u7684epoll,freeBSD\u4e0b\u7684kqueue\uff0cwindows\u4e0b\u7684IOCP\u3002
\n5. \u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u8ba1\u65f6\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5feb\u901f Fast<\/h2>\n

Tokio\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u662fRust\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\u6709\u8d44\u683c\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u505a\u5230\u5feb\u901f\u3002Tokio\u8981\u8bbe\u8ba1\u65f6\u4e5f\u628a\u901f\u5ea6\u653e\u5728\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002<\/p>\n

\u96f6\u5f00\u9500\u62bd\u8c61 Zero-cost abstractions<\/h2>\n

Tokio\u5e7f\u6cdb\u4f7f\u7528Future\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5f02\u6b65\u6982\u5ff5(\u7c7b\u4f3cnode.js\u4e2d\u7684promise\uff0c\u636e\u6211\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u5f02\u6b65\u6846\u67b6\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684future\u548cpromise\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u8fd1\u4f3c\u7684\u6982\u5ff5)\u3002\u5b98\u65b9\u6587\u6863\u58f0\u79f0tokio\u7684future\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u8bed\u8a00\u7684future\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u72ec\u4e00\u65e0\u4e8c\u7684(unique)\u3002Tokio\u4e2d\u7684future\u4f1a\u88ab\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u7f16\u8bd1\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\u673a\u3002\u505a\u5f02\u6b65\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u540c\u6b65\u5904\u7406\u65f6\uff0c\u5206\u914d\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6future\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e2d\u6709\u5f00\u9500\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0ctokio\u90fd\u662f\u96f6\u5f00\u9500\u3002(\u6211\u89c9\u5f97\u534f\u7a0b\u7c7b\u7684\u5f02\u6b65\u6846\u67b6\u90fd\u8981\u7ef4\u62a4\u72b6\u6001\u673a\u7528\u6765\u8bb0\u5f55\u6808\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u4e48,\u72b6\u6001\u673a\u5e76\u4e0dunique\u3002unique\u7684\u662f\u96f6\u5f00\u9500\u62bd\u8c61)\u3002<\/p>\n

\u96f6\u5f00\u9500\u62bd\u8c61\u5e76\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u7740tikio\u81ea\u8eab\u6ca1\u6709\u5f00\u9500\uff0c\u800c\u6307\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u518d\u7528\u5176\u4ed6\u4ec0\u4e48\u65b9\u6cd5\u51cf\u5c11\u5f00\u9500\uff0c\u5f00\u9500\u5df2\u7ecf\u51cf\u5230\u6700\u5c11\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5e76\u53d1 Concurrency<\/h1>\n

Tokio\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\uff0cwork-stealing(\u4e0d\u77e5\u7528\u54ea\u4e2a\u4e2d\u6587\u5408\u9002)\u7684\u8c03\u5ea6\u5668\u3002Tokio\u662f\u5f00\u7bb1\u5373\u7528\u7684\uff0c\u610f\u5473\u7740\uff0c\u5f53\u4f60\u4f7f\u7528tokio\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4f60\u5c31\u53ef\u80fd\u5145\u5206\u5229\u7528\u7535\u8111\u4e0a\u6240\u6709\u7684cpu\u6838\u5fc3\u3002<\/p>\n

\u73b0\u4ee3\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u901a\u8fc7\u589e\u52a0\u4e2d\u592e\u5904\u7406\u5668\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u6765\u589e\u52a0\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u5229\u7528\u597d\u591a\u6838\u5fc3\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u6765\u8bf4\u662f\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u975e\u963b\u585eI\/O Non-blocking I\/O<\/h1>\n

tokio\u4f7f\u7528\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u539f\u751f\u7684\u591a\u8def\u590d\u7528\u6280\u672f(linux\u7684epoll,freeBSD\u7684kqueue,windows\u7684IOCP)\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u540c\u65f6\u7ba1\u7406\u591a\u4e2asocket\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u80fd\u51cf\u5c11\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528(system call)\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n

\u53ef\u9760 Reliable<\/h1>\n

Tokio\u5728\u8bbe\u8ba1\u65f6\u5c31\u7aed\u5c3d\u6240\u80fd\u907f\u514d\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u56e0\u4f7f\u7528tokio\u4e0d\u5f53\u4ea7\u751fBUG\uff0c\u4f46tokio\u5f53\u7136\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u5b8c\u5168\u505a\u5230\u8fd9\u70b9\u3002Tokio\u7684API\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5f97\u4e0d\u6613\u4e8e\u7528\u9519\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u5728\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u5929\uff0c\u4f60\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fe1\u5fc3\u6ee1\u6ee1\u5730\u4ea4\u4ed8\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6240\u6709\u6743\u548c\u7c7b\u578b\u7cfb\u7edf Ownership and type system<\/h1>\n

Tokio\u7c4d\u7531Rust\u8bed\u8a00\u7279\u6709\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6743\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u80fd\u907f\u514d\u5f88\u591a\u5185\u5b58\u5b89\u5168\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u5b83\u80fd\u907f\u514d\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u51fa\u9519\uff1a\u8bbf\u95ee\u672a\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u8bbf\u95ee\u91ca\u653e\u540e\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u5185\u5b58\u91cd\u590d\u91ca\u653e\uff08Double Free)\u3002\u5e76\u4e14\uff0c\u505a\u5230\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5e76\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u4ed8\u51fa\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u7684\u989d\u5916\u5f00\u9500\u3002(\u56de\u5fc6\u81ea\u5df1\u7528C\/C++\u5199\u7684\u590d\u6742\u5e94\u7528\u65f6\u8ffd\u8e2a\u5076\u53d1\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u51fa\u9519BUG\u771f\u662f\u65e0\u6bd4\u75db\u82e6\u3002)<\/p>\n

\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u5b89\u5168\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e5f\u4f7f\u5f97\u96be\u4ee5\u9519\u8bef\u4f7f\u7528API\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0cTokio\u4e2d\u7684\u4e92\u65a5\u9501\u5e76\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u663e\u5f0f\u91ca\u653e\u3002(\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u5e76\u4e0d\u7a00\u5947\uff0cC++\u7684RAII\uff0cGo\u7684defer,python\u7684with\u4e5f\u80fd\u505a\u5230\uff0c\u7a0d\u5fae\u73b0\u4ee3\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u90fd\u6709\u7c7b\u4f3c\u673a\u5236\u3002)<\/p>\n

\u53cd\u5411\u538b\u529b\u4f20\u9012 Backpressure<\/h1>\n

Tokio\u81ea\u5e26\u4e86\u538b\u529b\u53cd\u5411\u4f20\u9012\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u8fd9\u771f\u662f\u771f\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8ba9\u4eba\u79f0\u8d5e\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u771f\u9999\u3002\u6240\u8c13\u53cd\u5411\u538b\u529b\u4f20\u9012\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd9\u4e48\u7406\u89e3\uff1a\u5f53\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u6d88\u8d39\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u5c0f\u4e8e\u751f\u4ea7\u8005\u751f\u4ea7\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u65f6\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u4f1a\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u8d8a\u5806\u8d8a\u591a\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u628a\u5185\u5b58\u6491\u66b4\u3002\u53cd\u5411\u538b\u6d88\u8d39\u529b\u4f20\u9012\u6307\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u7684\u538b\u529b\u4f1a\u53cd\u5411\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9\u751f\u4ea7\u8005\uff0c\u8ba9\u751f\u4ea7\u8005\u51cf\u6162\u751f\u4ea7\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u4ee5\u5339\u914d\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u7684\u6d88\u8d39\u901f\u5ea6\u3002\u5f88\u591a\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u5e93\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u63d0\u4f9b\u8fd9\u4e2a\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u5e94\u7528\u9700\u8981\u81ea\u5df1\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u3002\u4f46\u8981\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u7c7b\u4f3c\u529f\u80fd\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4ef6\u5bb9\u6613\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002\uff08\u56de\u5fc6\u8d77\u81ea\u5df1\u6709\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u7528C++\u7684asio\u5f02\u6b65\u7f51\u7edc\u5e93\u5199\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u6211\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u662f\u5f53\u5b58\u653e\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u961f\u5217\u5230\u8fbe\u4e00\u4e2a\u9608\u503c\u65f6\u5c31\u8ba9\u751f\u4ea7\u8005\u7ebf\u7a0bsleep\u5f88\u77ed\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u518d\u4ece\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u8bfb\u53d6\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u751f\u4ea7\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u6027\u80fd\u5927\u964d\u3002\u6211\u76f8\u4fe1tokio\u4e00\u5b9a\u4f18\u96c5\u9ad8\u6548\u5730\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u529f\u80fd\u3002\uff09<\/p>\n

tokio\u5b98\u65b9\u6587\u6863\u4e2d\u8868\u793a\uff0cTokio\u4e2d\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u8005\u5929\u751f\u662flazy\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4f1a\u8f6e\u5faa\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5f53\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u5145\u8bb8\u589e\u52a0\u6570\u636e\u65f6\uff0c\u751f\u4ea7\u8005\u624d\u751f\u4ea7\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n

\u53d6\u6d88 Cancellation<\/h1>\n

\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u4e1a\u52a1\u4ee3\u7801\u6301\u6709\u4e00\u4e2afuture\uff0c\u5b83\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u5f02\u6b65\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5f53\u4e1a\u52a1\u4ee3\u7801\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5e76\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ed3\u679c\u65f6\uff0c\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u518d\u6301\u6709\u8fd9\u4e2afuture\uff08\u8ba9\u5b83\u7684\u751f\u547d\u671f\u7ed3\u675f\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u5f02\u6b65\u8ba1\u7b97\u5c31\u4f1a\u53ca\u65f6\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c\u4e0d\u518d\u6267\u884c\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u3002\u5b98\u65b9\u6587\u6863\u8868\u793a\u8fd9\u4e3b\u8981\u53d7\u76ca\u4e8eTokio\u7684\u8f6e\u5faa\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3002<\/p>\n

\u591a\u8c22\u4e86Rust\u7684\u6743\u9650\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5f02\u6b65\u6267\u884c\u90e8\u5206\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9e\u73b0drop\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7279\u5f81(trait\uff0c\u7c7b\u4f3cc++,c#,java\u7684\u63a5\u53e3)\uff0c\u53ca\u65f6\u611f\u77e5\u5230future\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u4e22\u5f03\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8f7b\u91cf\u7ea7 Lightweight<\/h1>\n

Tokio\u7684\u4f38\u7f29\u6027\u5f88\u597d\uff0c\u4e14\u4f38\u7f29\u65f6\u4e0d\u7ed9\u5e94\u7528\u589e\u52a0\u989d\u5916\u8d1f\u62c5\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\uff0ctokio\u80fd\u5728\u8d44\u6e90\u53d7\u9650\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u53d1\u5c55\u5f97\u4e0d\u9519\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6ca1\u6709\u5783\u573e\u56de\u6536 No garbage collector<\/h1>\n

tokio\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u662frust\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u5783\u573e\u56de\u6536\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u907f\u514d\u4e86\u5728\u6709\u5783\u573e\u56de\u6536\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u666e\u904d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u201c\u4e16\u754c\u6682\u505c\u201d\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5e94\u7528\u4f1a\u5468\u671f\u6027\u7684\u542f\u52a8\u5783\u573e\u56de\u6536\uff0c\u5728\u6781\u9650\u6027\u80fd\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u5c31\u4f1a\u66b4\u9732\u51fa\u6765\u3002Tokio\u7684\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7279\u6027\u4f7f\u5f97\u5b83\u9002\u5408\u4e2d\u5b9e\u65f6\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6a21\u5757\u5316 Modular<\/h1>\n

\u5c3d\u7ba1Tokio\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u975e\u5e38\u591a\u5f00\u7bb1\u5373\u7528\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u662f\u7528\u6a21\u5757\u5f0f\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u3002\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2acomponent\u90fd\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u5e93library\u3002\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u7cbe\u786e\u7684\u8bbe\u5b9a\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u54ea\u4e9b\u7279\u6027\u800c\u53ea\u5bfc\u5165\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u5e93\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5e93\u5219\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u7f16\u8bd1\u8fdb\u6700\u7ec8\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u3002\u5f88\u591a\u5176\u4ed6\u8457\u540d\u7684rust\u5e93\u4e5f\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86tokio\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982hyper\u548cactix\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u4ec0\u4e48\u662fTokio Tokio\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6(\u5b98\u7f51\u7528\u8bcdruntime)\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u7f16\u5199rust\u5f02\u6b65\u4ee3\u7801\u3002\u6240\u8c13\u5f02\u6b65\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u5373\u548c\u540c\u6b65\u4ee3\u7801\u5bf9\u5e94\u800c\u8a00\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u540c\u6b65\u8bfb\u78c1\u76d8\u4e0a\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff1a\u5e94\u7528\u4ee3\u7801\u8c03\u7528\u8bfb\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u51fd\u6570\u5c01\u88c5\u4e86\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\uff0c\u901a\u77e5\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bfb\u5165\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u628a\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\u5168\u90e8\u8bfb\u51fa\u540e\u624d\u56de\u5230\u5e94\u7528\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u7ee7\u7eed\u6267\u884c\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u3002\u5728\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bfb\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u65e0\u6240\u4e8b\u4e8b\uff0c\u9ed8\u9ed8\u5730\u7b49\u5f85\u3002\u800c\u5f02\u6b65\u8bfb\u5165\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u5f02\u6b65\u8c03\u7528\u901a\u77e5\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bfb\u6587\u4ef6\u540e\u7acb\u5373\u8fd4\u56de\uff0c\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6709\u673a\u4f1a\u5728\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bfb\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\u5e72\u5176\u4ed6\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u5f53\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bfb\u5b8c\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\u540e\u4f1a\u4ee5\u67d0\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u901a\u77e5\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8bfb\u6587\u4ef6\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b8c\u6210 Tokio\u4e3a\u5f02\u6b65\u7f16\u7a0b\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e1c\u897f\uff1a 1. \u4e00\u4e9b\u57fa\u672c\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u540c\u6b65\u539f\u8bed(synchronization primitives)\uff0c\u7ba1\u9053(channels)\uff0c\u8ba1\u65f6\u5668\uff0c\u5ef6\u65f6\uff0cintervals(\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u8fd9\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e00\u4e2a\u65f6\u95f4\u95f4\u9694\u4e48\uff1f)\u3002 2. API\u3002\u7f51\u7edc\u76f8\u5173\u7684tcp,udp\u5f02\u6b65\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5f02\u6b65\u6587\u4ef6\u64cd\u4f5c\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5f02\u6b65\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u548c\u4fe1\u53f7\u7ba1\u7406\u3002 3. \u8c03\u5ea6\u5668\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u8c03\u5ea6tasks(\u7c7b\u4f3c\u5176\u4ed6\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u5f02\u6b65\u6846\u67b6\u7684\u7eff\u8272\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6216\u534f\u7a0b\u7684\u6982\u5ff5)\u3002 4. I\/O\u9a71\u52a8(\u5b98\u7f51\u7528\u8bedIO driver)\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u539f\u751f\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u961f\u5217\u63a5\u53e3\u3002\u6bd4\u5982:linux\u4e0b\u7684epoll,freeBSD\u4e0b\u7684kqueue\uff0cwindows\u4e0b\u7684IOCP\u3002 5. \u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u8ba1\u65f6\u5668\u3002 \u5feb\u901f Fast Tokio\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u662fRust\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\u6709\u8d44\u683c\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u505a\u5230\u5feb\u901f\u3002Tokio\u8981\u8bbe\u8ba1\u65f6\u4e5f\u628a\u901f\u5ea6\u653e\u5728\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002 \u96f6\u5f00\u9500\u62bd\u8c61 Zero-cost abstractions Tokio\u5e7f\u6cdb\u4f7f\u7528Future\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5f02\u6b65\u6982\u5ff5(\u7c7b\u4f3cnode.js\u4e2d\u7684promise\uff0c\u636e\u6211\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u5f02\u6b65\u6846\u67b6\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684future\u548cpromise\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u8fd1\u4f3c\u7684\u6982\u5ff5)\u3002\u5b98\u65b9\u6587\u6863\u58f0\u79f0tokio\u7684future\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u8bed\u8a00\u7684future\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u72ec\u4e00\u65e0\u4e8c\u7684(unique)\u3002Tokio\u4e2d\u7684future\u4f1a\u88ab\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u7f16\u8bd1\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\u673a\u3002\u505a\u5f02\u6b65\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u540c\u6b65\u5904\u7406\u65f6\uff0c\u5206\u914d\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6future\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e2d\u6709\u5f00\u9500\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0ctokio\u90fd\u662f\u96f6\u5f00\u9500\u3002(\u6211\u89c9\u5f97\u534f\u7a0b\u7c7b\u7684\u5f02\u6b65\u6846\u67b6\u90fd\u8981\u7ef4\u62a4\u72b6\u6001\u673a\u7528\u6765\u8bb0\u5f55\u6808\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u4e48,\u72b6\u6001\u673a\u5e76\u4e0dunique\u3002unique\u7684\u662f\u96f6\u5f00\u9500\u62bd\u8c61)\u3002 \u96f6\u5f00\u9500\u62bd\u8c61\u5e76\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u7740tikio\u81ea\u8eab\u6ca1\u6709\u5f00\u9500\uff0c\u800c\u6307\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u518d\u7528\u5176\u4ed6\u4ec0\u4e48\u65b9\u6cd5\u51cf\u5c11\u5f00\u9500\uff0c\u5f00\u9500\u5df2\u7ecf\u51cf\u5230\u6700\u5c11\u3002 \u5e76\u53d1 Concurrency Tokio\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\uff0cwork-stealing(\u4e0d\u77e5\u7528\u54ea\u4e2a\u4e2d\u6587\u5408\u9002)\u7684\u8c03\u5ea6\u5668\u3002Tokio\u662f\u5f00\u7bb1\u5373\u7528\u7684\uff0c\u610f\u5473\u7740\uff0c\u5f53\u4f60\u4f7f\u7528tokio\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4f60\u5c31\u53ef\u80fd\u5145\u5206\u5229\u7528\u7535\u8111\u4e0a\u6240\u6709\u7684cpu\u6838\u5fc3\u3002 \u73b0\u4ee3\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u901a\u8fc7\u589e\u52a0\u4e2d\u592e\u5904\u7406\u5668\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u6765\u589e\u52a0\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u5229\u7528\u597d\u591a\u6838\u5fc3\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u6765\u8bf4\u662f\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3002 \u975e\u963b\u585eI\/O Non-blocking I\/O tokio\u4f7f\u7528\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u539f\u751f\u7684\u591a\u8def\u590d\u7528\u6280\u672f(linux\u7684epoll,freeBSD\u7684kqueue,windows\u7684IOCP)\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u540c\u65f6\u7ba1\u7406\u591a\u4e2asocket\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u80fd\u51cf\u5c11\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528(system call)\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u3002 \u53ef\u9760 Reliable Tokio\u5728\u8bbe\u8ba1\u65f6\u5c31\u7aed\u5c3d\u6240\u80fd\u907f\u514d\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u56e0\u4f7f\u7528tokio\u4e0d\u5f53\u4ea7\u751fBUG\uff0c\u4f46tokio\u5f53\u7136\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u5b8c\u5168\u505a\u5230\u8fd9\u70b9\u3002Tokio\u7684API\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5f97\u4e0d\u6613\u4e8e\u7528\u9519\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u5728\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u5929\uff0c\u4f60\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fe1\u5fc3\u6ee1\u6ee1\u5730\u4ea4\u4ed8\u4e86\u3002 \u6240\u6709\u6743\u548c\u7c7b\u578b\u7cfb\u7edf Ownership and type system Tokio\u7c4d\u7531Rust\u8bed\u8a00\u7279\u6709\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6743\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u80fd\u907f\u514d\u5f88\u591a\u5185\u5b58\u5b89\u5168\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u5b83\u80fd\u907f\u514d\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u51fa\u9519\uff1a\u8bbf\u95ee\u672a\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u8bbf\u95ee\u91ca\u653e\u540e\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u5185\u5b58\u91cd\u590d\u91ca\u653e\uff08Double 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Tokio\u81ea\u5e26\u4e86\u538b\u529b\u53cd\u5411\u4f20\u9012\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u8fd9\u771f\u662f\u771f\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8ba9\u4eba\u79f0\u8d5e\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u771f\u9999\u3002\u6240\u8c13\u53cd\u5411\u538b\u529b\u4f20\u9012\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd9\u4e48\u7406\u89e3\uff1a\u5f53\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u6d88\u8d39\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u5c0f\u4e8e\u751f\u4ea7\u8005\u751f\u4ea7\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u65f6\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u4f1a\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u8d8a\u5806\u8d8a\u591a\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u628a\u5185\u5b58\u6491\u66b4\u3002\u53cd\u5411\u538b\u6d88\u8d39\u529b\u4f20\u9012\u6307\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u7684\u538b\u529b\u4f1a\u53cd\u5411\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9\u751f\u4ea7\u8005\uff0c\u8ba9\u751f\u4ea7\u8005\u51cf\u6162\u751f\u4ea7\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u4ee5\u5339\u914d\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u7684\u6d88\u8d39\u901f\u5ea6\u3002\u5f88\u591a\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u5e93\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u63d0\u4f9b\u8fd9\u4e2a\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u5e94\u7528\u9700\u8981\u81ea\u5df1\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u3002\u4f46\u8981\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u7c7b\u4f3c\u529f\u80fd\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4ef6\u5bb9\u6613\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002\uff08\u56de\u5fc6\u8d77\u81ea\u5df1\u6709\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u7528C++\u7684asio\u5f02\u6b65\u7f51\u7edc\u5e93\u5199\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u6211\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u662f\u5f53\u5b58\u653e\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u961f\u5217\u5230\u8fbe\u4e00\u4e2a\u9608\u503c\u65f6\u5c31\u8ba9\u751f\u4ea7\u8005\u7ebf\u7a0bsleep\u5f88\u77ed\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u518d\u4ece\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u8bfb\u53d6\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u751f\u4ea7\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u6027\u80fd\u5927\u964d\u3002\u6211\u76f8\u4fe1tokio\u4e00\u5b9a\u4f18\u96c5\u9ad8\u6548\u5730\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u529f\u80fd\u3002\uff09 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